Abstract:
WSNs consists of spatially distributed set of autonomous nodes which are extensively
used in surveillance and monitoring purpose. WSNs has limited battery power and limited
resources and this battery power cannot be replaced and recharged. Due to the on-going
demand of energy conservation of sensor nodes there is a need of efficient routing mechanism
through which energy of the sensor nodes should be conserved. Many routing protocols used
for this purpose, but clustering technique is an efficient topological control mechanism which
can effectively improve the scalability period and lifespan in WSNs. Clustering techniques
are distinguished between static and equal or as dynamic and unequal clustering techniques.
In clustering environment, the nodes which are closest to the BS drain out their energy very
rapidly because they not only send their own data but also transmit the data which has to be
passed from it. This type of scenario caused the hot-spot issues in the WSN. Hot spots issues
mainly appear to those locations where there is a lot of traffic on the nodes. In these locations
the nodes deplete there energy very quickly and the transmission is interrupted. Some of the
dynamic and unequal clustering techniques are good and mitigate the hot-spot issues but they
have a lot of different critical issues like coverage overhead, network connection issues, unbalanced energy utilization among the SNs and network stability issues. So static and equal
clustering technique is something efficient for mitigating hot spot problem. But in some
extent static and equal clustering technique also have hot-spot issues while we are
considering the number of clusters in a zone and hence it decreases the lifetime of the network
system and its stability. This document proposes a systematic and efficient protocol by using
static and equal cluster environment called the “Improved Zone Based Divisional
Hierarchical Routing Protocol” (IZDHRP) for eliminating the hot-spot or energy-hole issues
as faces in (ZDHRP) protocol. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated using
MATLAB simulations in an efficient way. Three cases are implemented which are 8 clusters,
16 clusters and 24 clusters. The results of these three cases obtained from simulations shows
that our proposed scheme is efficient and increases the lifetime and throughput as compared
to other benchmark protocols.
