Abstract:
Pakistan and Afghanistan are immediate neighbors and both countries share same border. Both countries are connected through culture, linguistic and religion. Historically, Pakistan and Afghanistan have seen many ups and downs since the inception of Pakistan. The root causes of conflict between both states stems from many issues which includes Durand line issue, Afghan soviet war, Taliban regime and war on terror. Pakistan is facing variety of challenges like human trafficking, drug trafficking, influx of refugees, terrorism which brought economic, political and social problems in the country. In post 2014 scenario due to withdrawal of US forces and three transitions in Afghanistan economic, political and security, the security of Afghanistan further worsened which brought another wave of challenges towards Pakistan. Due to these all reasons the sense of mistrust prevails between both countries. Afghan land is also considered geopolitically important due to which it attracts major powers and became the battle ground for them. Afghanistan always remained the battle ground and instability in Afghanistan brought instability in Pakistan too. Pakistan has taken many steps to ensure its security and cooperation with Afghanistan to bring stability and peace which mainly includes border fencing and military operations. Both steps are bringing further challenges along with positive impact on Pakistan’s security. This study was undertaken to find causes of instability in Afghanistan and its consequences for Pakistan. It also focused on analyzing Pakistan’s counter measures to counter the root causes of instability and terrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Qualitative method of research is used to collect data and conduct research. For theoretical framework “Regional Complex Theory” is used. Findings after the whole research shows that Pak- Afghan open border is the root cause of major problems so it should be properly managed. Only border security and law can bring peace and stability in both countries and in the region.
