http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/50 Bahria University Karachi Campus Thu, 16 Apr 2026 15:51:24 GMT 2026-04-16T15:51:24Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/id/6/mrn89_bu_lahore.16723604_std.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/50 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4883 IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AT KARACHI PORT TRUST MAHWASH MERAJ, Reg # 30563 Purpose: The puipose of this research was to find out the impact of Performance Appraisal System (PAS) on Employee satisfaction at Karachi Port Trust (KPT). Performance appraisal is considei ed an essential tool to motivate and develop employees. Effort was made to find out the effectiveness of PAS by looking at its various aspects. Methodology/sample: The research, being explanatory in nature, involved quantitative data collected through a questionnaire. The data were collect from a sample of 50 managerial level employees belonging to different departments of KPT. To analyze the data, Regression and Correlation tests were applied. Findings: The investigation and analysis results have revealed that there is no participative goal setting at KPT. Managers do not give an opportunity of participative goal setting to employees, although it is a very essential component of PAS. However, periodic review meetings during the appraisal cycle are a source of satisfaction among the employees as they are provided feedback for corrective measures. Practical Implications: The findings/results of this research are likely to help the management of KPT about effectiveness of PAS and also about its weaknesses. Participative goal setting can improve the satisfaction and motivation level of employees. Although managers set goals in the start of the year but for perfect PAS, participation of employees and provision of timely feedback is essential. Other organization may also benefit from this study. Future scholars may further study causes of non-participative management by the manageis. Supervised By Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khan Thu, 01 Oct 2105 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4883 2105-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6314 IMPACT OF 'LEAD-TIME, ON-TIME DELIVERY & PERCEIVED SECURITY RISK' ON CUSTOMER RETENTION IN E-COMMERCE INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN Shaukat, Naeem Reg # 28792 Purpose of Research: The purpose of this research was to find out the Impact of Lead Time, On-Time Delivery & Perceived Security Risk on Customer Retention in E-Commerce Industry of Pakistan. It is believed that there is a lack of customer retention rate in E-Commerce industry of Pakistan. Customers prefer to purchase from retail markets rather than from online stores. Methodology of Research: This study is descriptive in nature. Which involves quantifiable data which was gathered through a survey questionnaire. The data was collected from a sample population of 164- customers, who had experienced Online shopping in Pakistan. In order to analyze the data regression and correlation test were performed via SPSS. In this research Non- probability and convenient selection approach was used. As Dornyei (2007) stated that convenience sampling method is a type of non-probability or non-random sampling technique. Because in this technique individuals from targeted population are selected on certain definite standards. Like Geographical Location, Easy Access, Timely availability, & willingness to participate. Findings of Research: The results of this study confirm that there is significant impact of Lead-Time, On-Time Delivery, and Perceived Security Risk on Customer Retention in E-Commerce industry of Pakistan. All three components or independent variables of this study are observed useful and showed a significant impact with a significance value less than 0.05, on dependent variable which is Customer Retention. Practical Implications: The findings resulting from this research will help the investors and government of Pakistan to implement effective policies and eliminate those causes which are resulting a decreasing trend of Customer satisfaction and retention in this Online industry. Supervised by Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khan Tue, 01 Jan 2047 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6314 2047-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20966 ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL BANKS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PRE AND POST COVID-19 USING THE CAMEL APPROACH Farooq, Fiza Reg # 69871; Mehmood, Nimra Reg # 69857; Javed, Maryam Reg # 69875 Purpose. This study uses the CAMEL method to observe the financial performance of Pakistani commercial banks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, directing capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning quality, and liquidity positions. Methodology: Secondary data from financial statements of 15 commercial banks in Pakistan (2013-2023) were analyzed using descriptive and numerous regression analyses, along with diagnostic tests to confirm validity. Findings: The fixed effect model illustrates that higher capital adequacy and net interest margin are associated with increased ROA, while higher non-performing loans and net interest expenses are associated with decreased ROA. A dummy variable for COVID-19 indicates the pandemic negatively impacted ROA, highlighting its adverse effects on bank performance. Value/Originality: This study applies the CAMEL approach to assess the financial performance of Pakistani banks pre- and post-COVID-19, contributing valuable insights for crisis management and bank performance evaluation for regulators and policymakers. Result: Results show improved capital adequacy and earning quality, likely due to regulatory support and digital banking. However, asset quality, managerial efficiency, and liquidity worsened, leading to lower profitability. Strategic measures are needed to enhance resilience and stability in the sector. Supervised by Sobia Murtaza Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20966 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20967 ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL BANKS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PRE AND POST COVID-19 USING THE CAMEL APPROACH Farooq, Fiza Reg # 69871; Mehmood, Nimra Reg # 69857; Javed, Maryam Reg # 69875 Purpose. This study uses the CAMEL method to observe the financial performance of Pakistani commercial banks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, directing capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning quality, and liquidity positions. Methodology: Secondary data from financial statements of 15 commercial banks in Pakistan (2013-2023) were analyzed using descriptive and numerous regression analyses, along with diagnostic tests to confirm validity. Findings: The fixed effect model illustrates that higher capital adequacy and net interest margin are associated with increased ROA, while higher non-performing loans and net interest expenses are associated with decreased ROA. A dummy variable for COVID-19 indicates the pandemic negatively impacted ROA, highlighting its adverse effects on bank performance. Value/Originality: This study applies the CAMEL approach to assess the financial performance of Pakistani banks pre- and post-COVID-19, contributing valuable insights for crisis management and bank performance evaluation for regulators and policymakers. Result: Results show improved capital adequacy and earning quality, likely due to regulatory support and digital banking. However, asset quality, managerial efficiency, and liquidity worsened, leading to lower profitability. Strategic measures are needed to enhance resilience and stability in the sector. Supervised by Sobia Murtaza Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20967 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z