http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/178 Tue, 10 Nov 2026 13:36:44 GMT 2026-11-10T13:36:44Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21904 Analysis of conventional insurance in light of islamic teachings and implementation of takaful in Pakistan Usama Zubair, 01-177181-052 Pakistan is an Islamic country which has made a commitment through its constitution to formulate no laws that go against the spirit of Islam. It is with this spirit that the laws of Insurance should also be viewed. The chief legislation of Pakistan in relation to insurance is the Insurance Ordinance of 2000. There is a need to conceive of the Islamic alternative to insurance which is called takaful. Conventional insurance is viewed as a form of contract where the risk is shifted from the person who has paid consideration, known as premium, to another party. The person paying the premium is the policy holder or the insured while the person who takes on the risk is the policy provider or the insurer. The conventional concept of insurance is riddled with problems of riba (Interest), mai’sara (gambling), and gharrar (indeterminate contract). The Islamic concept of takaful is on the other hand conceived as a maintenance of a fund known as the tabaru fund by the collective contributions of the indemnified members. In this concept there is no one who assumes the risk but rather all the people agree to make whole the person who has suffered a misfortune and this is based on the concept of aaqilah which existed in Arab tribes at the time of the Prophet (PBUH). The tabaru fund is also invested as forming part of a mudarabah investment and any surplus in the fund is distributed accordingly. For the implementation of the takaful form of insurance in Pakistan there is a need to overcome certain obstacles such as a lack of education and willingness of the people along with problems of corruption and transparency in the country. Supervised by Ms. Maryam Sultan Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21904 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21908 Pakistan an orgsn tourist state and critical analysis of national and international organ trafficking laws Ayra Ahmad Bhatti, 01-177182-008 This paper aims to investigate organ tourism in Pakistan and analyze the national and international legislative structures set up to prevent organ trafficking. This study investigates Pakistan's current standing as an organ tourism destination and the variables that have led to its rise in popularity. It provides an in-depth analysis of Pakistan's principal organ transplant law, the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act of 2010. Investigation, analysis, and identification of the difficulties encountered by law enforcement, the judicial system, and other parties involved in organ trafficking prosecutions and trials are all part of this research. The research examines international legal instruments dealing with organ trafficking and compares them to national legislation, especially THOTA 2010. Comparisons are made between domestic and international frameworks, and suggestions are made for bringing domestic laws into conformity with international norms. Victims of organ trafficking are exploited, have little to no protection, and have limited access to justice, all of which are issues highlighted in the thesis. The importance of victim-centric methods within the legal framework is emphasized, and the function of support services and rehabilitation programs is investigated. Finally, the study suggests how Pakistan's legal system might be improved to better combat organ trafficking. These suggestions include adopting a bill containing safeguards, procedures for helping victims, and international collaboration mechanisms. This thesis uses qualitative research methods, including a thorough literature review, examining relevant legislative requirements, and in-depth interviews with subject-matter experts. This research sheds light on the difficulties and gaps in the present legal system, and it provides concrete suggestions for enhancing organ trafficking prevention, prosecution, and victim care services in Pakistan. Supervised by Ms. Qurat ul Ain Rehman Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21908 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21907 Critical analysis on the response and reforms of police system in Pakistan post the pandemic Aubaid ur Rehman, 01-177182-007 When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Pakistan, government response strategies had to be implemented quickly unlocking the potential of varying laws and regulations. This research project is going to address how these changes have reshaped life in Pakistan since 2020, when a new wave of legislation was passed. In specific focus is an exploration of the legal framework that has been set up as well as what comes next for Pakistani citizens under this new system. By looking through policy shifts and analyzing their impacts on ordinary people’s lives, readers will get an insight into why regulatory adaptations are so important during health crises - and how they can drive overall social progress. The COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the world, affecting countless lives and causing widespread devastation. In response, federal and provincial governments in Canada have put measures in place to help slow the spread of the virus and protect their citizens. These measures have included everything from lockdowns and travel restrictions to financial support for individuals and businesses. The goal has been to strike a balance between safeguarding public health and minimizing the impact on the economy and daily life. While the pandemic continues to be a challenge, the efforts of government officials have undoubtedly helped mitigate the effects and provide support to those in need. The police men of the country who are often criticized for being flawed and corrupt did play a positive role during the pandemic. This research project concluded that there are reforms which are needed but this doesn’t mean that all the efforts and sacrifices made by the police go in vain. Supervised by Dr. Ghulam Abbas Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21907 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21912 Genome editing and rights and liabilities of unborn chlid: A jurisdprudential appraisal Maria Akhtar, 01-177182-016 The field of biotechnology is not static but progressing day by day. Genome Editing technology CRISPR edits the genes that carry diseases and also edits the heritable physical and behavioral characteristics for the production of "designer babies" which poses threats to rights of unborn child. This thesis deals with the main legal question that whether the unborn child is a person to demand the protections and rights and what type of rights it has that would be infringed by the application of this technology. The previous existing literature only discusses the pros and cons of Genome Editing and ignores its relation with the threat to the rights of unborn child. In comprehensive study through critical and analytical research method, this thesis identifies the status of unborn child as a person and its rights and liabilities in Western and Islamic Jurisprudence with reference to Genome Editing. This thesis analyses the case laws of Common Law Jurisdictions and the Human Right Courts for the determination of established rights and liabilities. This thesis explores and analyses the ignored treatment of unborn child in current insufficient set of rights under the International Laws. The legislatures as hesitant to grant unborn status of person, disparaged the status of unborn and infringes the rights of potential human. By taking critical and analytical methods through qualitative conduct of research this thesis provides the framework for countering this emerging challenge by incorporating the preventive measures and balancing approach to the rights of unborn, parent and of scientific researchers. Supervised by Dr. Ghulam Abbas Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21912 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z