http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/50 Bahria University Karachi Campus 2026-05-07T12:20:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4883 IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AT KARACHI PORT TRUST MAHWASH MERAJ, Reg # 30563 Purpose: The puipose of this research was to find out the impact of Performance Appraisal System (PAS) on Employee satisfaction at Karachi Port Trust (KPT). Performance appraisal is considei ed an essential tool to motivate and develop employees. Effort was made to find out the effectiveness of PAS by looking at its various aspects. Methodology/sample: The research, being explanatory in nature, involved quantitative data collected through a questionnaire. The data were collect from a sample of 50 managerial level employees belonging to different departments of KPT. To analyze the data, Regression and Correlation tests were applied. Findings: The investigation and analysis results have revealed that there is no participative goal setting at KPT. Managers do not give an opportunity of participative goal setting to employees, although it is a very essential component of PAS. However, periodic review meetings during the appraisal cycle are a source of satisfaction among the employees as they are provided feedback for corrective measures. Practical Implications: The findings/results of this research are likely to help the management of KPT about effectiveness of PAS and also about its weaknesses. Participative goal setting can improve the satisfaction and motivation level of employees. Although managers set goals in the start of the year but for perfect PAS, participation of employees and provision of timely feedback is essential. Other organization may also benefit from this study. Future scholars may further study causes of non-participative management by the manageis. Supervised By Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khan 2105-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6314 IMPACT OF 'LEAD-TIME, ON-TIME DELIVERY & PERCEIVED SECURITY RISK' ON CUSTOMER RETENTION IN E-COMMERCE INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN Shaukat, Naeem Reg # 28792 Purpose of Research: The purpose of this research was to find out the Impact of Lead Time, On-Time Delivery & Perceived Security Risk on Customer Retention in E-Commerce Industry of Pakistan. It is believed that there is a lack of customer retention rate in E-Commerce industry of Pakistan. Customers prefer to purchase from retail markets rather than from online stores. Methodology of Research: This study is descriptive in nature. Which involves quantifiable data which was gathered through a survey questionnaire. The data was collected from a sample population of 164- customers, who had experienced Online shopping in Pakistan. In order to analyze the data regression and correlation test were performed via SPSS. In this research Non- probability and convenient selection approach was used. As Dornyei (2007) stated that convenience sampling method is a type of non-probability or non-random sampling technique. Because in this technique individuals from targeted population are selected on certain definite standards. Like Geographical Location, Easy Access, Timely availability, & willingness to participate. Findings of Research: The results of this study confirm that there is significant impact of Lead-Time, On-Time Delivery, and Perceived Security Risk on Customer Retention in E-Commerce industry of Pakistan. All three components or independent variables of this study are observed useful and showed a significant impact with a significance value less than 0.05, on dependent variable which is Customer Retention. Practical Implications: The findings resulting from this research will help the investors and government of Pakistan to implement effective policies and eliminate those causes which are resulting a decreasing trend of Customer satisfaction and retention in this Online industry. Supervised by Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khan 2047-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21017 THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC MODE OF FINANCE USED IN ISLAMIC BANKING OF PAKISTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH Islam, Noor ul Reg # 79886; Nawaz, Rimsha Reg # 79703; Khan, Shoaib Reg # 78966 Purpose: This research assesses the impact of Islamic financing mechanisms like Murabaha, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Salam, Istana, etc., as means of promoting economic growth in Pakistan. The study examines the impact of these instruments on the general economy and describes the reasons for the prevalence of debt-like models over those based on equity. Research Methodology: This study employed quantitative research to analyze panel data on Islamic banks in Pakistan from 2015 to 2024. The second source of information included data available through the State Bank of Pakistan and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. An exploration of the relationship between financing tools and GDP growth was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation techniques, and regression analysis. Findings: The study addresses the gap between Islamic finance's theoretical ideals and its practical implementation, highlighting the underrepresentation of equity-based modes. Numbers point to Murabaha and Diminishing Musharakah being driving forces in Islamic finance compared to participatory measures like Mudarabah and Musharakah, which are underrepresented due to the risks and governance issues. Despite having low direct links with GDP growth, Istisna and Diminishing Musharakah are showing increasing economic significance. Practical Implication: The findings imply that the encouraging of participatory forms of financing is vital to regulators and banks seeking to attain balanced portfolios. It is possible that strengthening supervisory and Shariah management systems will improve the economic effectiveness of Islamic financial systems. Originality/Value: This investigation fills a gap in the Islamic finance area by analyzing empirically the macroeconomic impacts of different financing modes. It provides tangible recommendations to harmonize Islamic banking with its basis. Supervised by Dr. Zubair Ahmed 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21018 THE IMPACT OF DEBT FINANCING ON PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS Khan, Amir Reg # 77090; Khalid, Momina Reg # 79672; Ali, Muneeb Reg # 79705 Purpose. The study investigates the relationship between debt financing and the profitability of Food and Care companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). It whether increasing debt structure affect firm profitability positively or negatively, providing insights for management and investors. It aims to determine whether increasing debt structure affect film profitability positively or negatively, providing insights for management and investors. aims to determine Methodology: The study uses a quantitative research design, analyzing secondary data from 18 consumer goods companies listed on PSX over a period of 10 years (2015 - 2024). Profitability is measured using ROE. The analysis is conducted using multiple regression via stata 17 to assess the impact of debt structure on profitability. Liquidity was introduced as a moderator to test whether firms with better liquidity manage debt more profitably. Findings: The results show that Short-term debt has no impact on ROE. Long-term debt has a negative and significant impacts on ROE. These findings suggest that reliance on short-term borrowing increases profitability, while long-term debt does harm performance. Originality / value: This research adds value by focusing on a specific and underexplored segment of the Pakistani market—consumer goods firms—providing targeted insights for financial managers and investors regarding optimal capital structure. Supervised by Sobia Murtaza 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z