http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/121 2026-08-04T19:29:39Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21519 DYAD ANALYSIS OF TEACHING STYLES ON STUDENT SATISFACTION AND LEARNING: A SERIAL MEDIATION MODEL OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AND TEACHING COMPETENCE Wajahat, Ayla Enroll # 02-280161-010 The higher education sector of Pakistan has prospered enormously in the past few years, but institutions are facing critical issues pertaining to student satisfaction and learning. This highlights the research need to identify and validate the factors which determine the student satisfaction and learning in Higher Education Institutions. Prior studies have identified personal, institutional, subject, and campus related factors to have significant influence on student satisfaction and learning. However, the mentioned domain is still under consideration by multiple researchers focusing on teacher-related variables to propose and validate a model for student satisfaction and learning in Higher Education institutions. Therefore, the present study has proposed and empirically validated a research model by incorporating teacher-related variables such as 6 different teaching styles as an independent variable with spiritual intelligence and teaching competence as mediating variables to determine student satisfaction and learning among students studying in business departments of higher education institutions in Karachi. Bandura's social cognitive learning theory is used to understand the teaching and learning process at business schools in Karachi. It posited that teaching styles have social and observational effects on students.. The post-positivist paradigm is used while considering the goals of the current research to study teaching style of the predictors of student satisfaction and learning and to see the impact of teachers’ spiritual intelligence and competence on this relationship. as one 1101 responses were collected from business departments of higher education institutions in Karachi. The primary data analysis was executed. For sampling nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used and to gather the data the study employed survey questionnaire. Structural equation modeling employed through PLS (version 3) to examine the proposed constructs' associations. Empirical results of the present study have indicated that spiritual intelligence and teaching competence serial mediate the established associations among four styles of the independent variable (Teaching style) with dependent variables (Student Satisfaction and Student learning). However, two styles of the independent variables (Straight facts no non-sense and Official curriculum teacher) failed to establish positive serial mediation with dependent variables (Student satisfaction and learning). This study has significant theoretical, policy, methodological, practical, and societal implications. The proposed framework introduces spiritual intelligence to teacher training in Pakistan, providing insights for university and business school management to improve student learning and satisfaction through appropriate teaching styles and it is limited to the students studying in business/management departments of Higher Education institutes of Karachi Supervised by Dr. Sayma Zia 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21517 DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR: ROLE OF EUSTRESS AND WORK ENGAGEMENT AS SIMULTANEOUS MEDIATORS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JD-R AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR Khan, Ahmed Raza Enroll # 02-280152-001 Purpose: The study is concerned with the determinants of innovative work behavior and examines pluralistic impact of job demands, job resources and personal resources employees’ innovative work behavior directly and through the simultaneous mediating role of eustress and work engagement. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study is explanatory in nature and uses triangulation approach for data collection and integration. 436 knowledge workers and 40 managers of IT sector of Pakistan are respondents of quantitative and qualitative parts of research respectively. Quantitative data have been collected through survey approach using a well-structured questionnaire. Whereas, semi-structured in depth face to face interviews have been conducted for qualitative data collection and analyzed using thematic analysis technique with the help of NVivo software application. Findings: The study findings confirmed the distinctiveness of variables used in the research. The results of statistical analysis and interview contents confirmed that job demands (creativity role expectations & workload), job resources (autonomy & intellectual stimulation) and personal resources (creative self-efficacy & resilience) promote innovative work behavior while eustress and work engagement mediate the relationship between JD-R and IWB of employees working in IT sector of Pakistan. Originality/ Value: The research study contributes to innovation and JD-R theories with novel empirical knowledge through delineating the linking mechanism between job demands, job resources and personal resources and innovative work behavior. The main novel contribution of the study is exploration of knowledge pertaining to simultaneous mediating role of eustress and work engagement between JD-R and innovative work behavior. Moreover, in contrary to previously highlighted negative impacts of job demands, this study has explored the positive spiral of job demands which has potential to stimulate eustress, work engagement and innovative work behavior of employees. The newly explored knowledge is helpful in strengthening the innovative work behavior of employees to promote creativity and innovation and uplift the IT sector of Pakistan to substantial extent. Supervised by Dr. Amir Firoz Shamsi 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21518 OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL DECISIONS OF LISTED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE. MODERATING ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Farooq, Kiran Enroll # 02-280152-003 The intention of this study is to examine the impacts of ownership on the performance and decisions of non-financial sector companies in Pakistan, while also examining the moderating role of corporate governance in the relationship between ownership and firm’s performance, as well as financial decision. This study utilizes data from 192 listed companies spanning the period from 2009 to 2019. Firm accounting performance is evaluated using measures such as return on assets and return on equity, the assessment of market performance involves stock volatility, Tobin's Q, and the market-to-book price ratio as measures. Additionally, financial decisions are examined by taking into account factors such as the debt-to-equity ratio and dividend payout ratio. The findings reveal that foreign and institutional ownership has a positive and significant impact on firm’s financial performance, whereas director ownership negative and significant affects performance measures. Foreign and institutional ownership also significantly reduce stock volatility and benefit the firm's equity market value and Tobin's Q ratio. Conversely, director ownership increases significantly stock volatility, whereas it has a negative and significant impact on stock valuation and negative insignificant impact on Tobin's Q ratio. However, foreign and institutional ownership have positive and significant impacts on the leverage ratio, while negative impact foreign ownership on dividend payout ratio is insignificant. Director ownership has a negative and significant impact on both financial leverage and dividend payout. Corporate governance plays a significant role between the relationship of ownership and financial performance and decisions. However, it does not significantly moderate the relationship between ownership and market performance. The study concludes that internal owners are less efficient and lack control compared to foreign and institutional shareholders. Recommendations are made to adjust the director's interest in favor of the firm, considering the implications of agency theory and steward theory. This research emphasizes the importance of corporate governance as a moderator between the impact of ownership structure on performance, contributing to the literature on agency theory and steward theory Supervised by Dr. Riaz Ahmed 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21515 IMPACT OF SOFT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WELLBEING AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF WORKING WOMEN: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS FROM PAKISTAN Masood, Fazeelat Enroll # 02-280172-001 In industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, health behaviors are often termed as well-being reflected in the subjective health-related experiences of employees at work. Combining Affective Events Theory (AET) with Broaden-and-Built Theory (BBT) and JD- R theory, this study attempted to test an antecedent-consequence model of employee well being with work engagement as a mediating variable. A purposive sampling technique applied to collect survey data from 305 women employees affiliated with Pakistani service sector companies. In this study, a partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS- SEM) via SmartPLS software was used to examine direct and mediating effects in the hypothesized structural associations. was Results supported the hypothesized direct impact of soft HRM practice i workplace humor on three types of women employee well-being i.e., psychological, social, and spiritual. Workplace fun was only confirmed to have a significant direct effect i.e., on psychological well-being. Results confirmed that all four types of women employee well being directly influenced life satisfaction. Findings supported the mediating effect of work engagement and serial multiple mediating effect of work engagement and employee well being on the hypothesized structural associations. Overall, the model explained an adequate amount of variance (23%) in psychological well-being and an acceptable amount of variance (19.8%) in life satisfaction. This study contributed in two ways to the broader streams of emotion-based research on individual well-being. First, when health-related behaviors is a reflection of individuals’ perception, soft HRM practices are likely to affect women employees’ sense of well-being directly (partial) and indirectly through work engagement. Second, results indicated that workplace fun and workplace humor indirectly influence life satisfaction through work engagement and employee well-being. It is possible, however, that such an outcome is limited to health-related behaviors largely constituted through individual perceptions as was the case observed in the surveyed health-related behaviors. For HR practitioners, the findings of this study implied that (i) hard HRM practices are necessary by not sufficient alone to promote workplace well-being, (ii) foster a work ambiance that triggers positive affective experiences creating high engagement levels and mutual exchange relationships to promote women’s sense of well-being, (iii) actively endorse programs that help develop psycho-social and physiological resources of women employees. For policymakers, this research implied the need to address employee well-being as a public priority matter by including it into the occupational health and safety laws Supervised by Dr. Naveed R Khan 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z