http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11985 2026-07-12T03:07:42Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20134 Dynamics of Training Transfer: The Influence of Individual Traits and Organizational Support on Training Effectiveness Rimsha Naseem, 01-322232- 023 This study explores the dynamics of training transfer by investigating the influence of individual traits—Self-Efficacy, Proactive Personality, and Mastery Goal Orientation—on the successful application of learned skills in the workplace, with a particular focus on the moderating role of Organizational Support. Conducted within the rapidly evolving IT industry of Pakistan, the study adopts a quantitative research approach using structured questionnaires administered to 270 respondents working across various IT firms. The primary aim was to identify whether personal psychological characteristics significantly affect the extent to which employees transfer training to their jobs and whether organizational backing enhances this relationship. The results indicate that all three individual traits have statistically significant positive effects on training transfer, with Mastery Goal Orientation emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, the findings confirm that Organizational Support positively moderates the relationships between Self-Efficacy and Mastery Goal Orientation with Training Transfer. The moderation effect between Proactive Personality and Training Transfer was marginally significant, suggesting partial support. These insights underscore the dual importance of personal readiness and environmental support in shaping training effectiveness. The study contributes to the literature by integrating psychological and contextual factors into a unified model, offering both theoretical and practical implications. It highlights the necessity for HR practitioners to evaluate personality traits during training design and to cultivate supportive work environments that encourage the application of newly acquired skills. Furthermore, the research adds empirical value to the South Asian training transfer discourse, encouraging future exploration through longitudinal and cross-industry comparisons. Supervised by Dr. Madiha Ali 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20137 Examining the Impact of Autocratic Leadership and Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Turnover and Workforce Retention: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment in Pakistan’s Twin Cities Malaika Iqbal, 01-321241-007 This paper investigates the impact of autocratic leadership and perceived organizational support on employee turnover and workforce retention, with affective commitment serving as a mediating variable. The focus of this quantitative study is on middle management employees working in the twin cities of Pakistan (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) to explore the influence of command and control leadership style on behavior and organizational outcome. Since Pakistan is a unique socio cultural context having hierarchical norms and high power distance, the study has provided implications on how the leadership dynamics and support systems can either reduce or increase turnover intentions. The study presented an empirical evidence that proved the theoretical relations between autocratic leadership style, psychological security and organisational commitment using structured Likert scale questionnaires. The results indicate that perceived organizational support and affective commitment is vital in curbing employee turnover and workforce retention. Although the autocratic leadership crisis did not have much direct effect, it was less pronounced in employees who have more emotional attachment to an organization. The insights will help in coming up more effective human resource strategies and leadership programs especially in a culturally ranked setting as in Pakistan. Supervised by Mr. M. Jaffer 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20132 Exploring the Impact of Servant Leadership on Pedagogical Performance: The Sequential Mediation of Psychological Empowerment and Work Engagement in Pakistan's Education Sector Haris Khan, 01-222232-006 This study explores the influence of servant leadership on pedagogical performance in Pakistan's education sector, mediated by psychological empowerment and work engagement. The research aims to address critical questions about the mechanisms through which leadership practices enhance teachers' effectiveness and to propose actionable recommendations for improving educational outcomes. These issues are crucial as the education sector significantly shapes a nation's development and requires attention to both organizational and individual factors influencing teacher performance. A comprehensive review of the literature highlights the significance of servant leadership in fostering supportive environments that empower educators, improving both their engagement and instructional delivery. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixedmethods approach, utilizing surveys and statistical analysis to validate the hypothesized relationships. Data were collected from a representative sample of educators in Pakistani institutions, analyzed using advanced mediation techniques. Findings reveal that servant leadership positively impacts pedagogical performance through the sequential mediation of psychological empowerment and work engagement. The study concludes that fostering servant leadership in educational settings can significantly enhance teaching outcomes. Recommendations include adopting leadership development programs and policies that emphasize empowerment and engagement to sustain educational excellence. Supervised by Dr. Harris Laeeque 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20135 Impact of Green Knowledge on Pro Environmental Behaviour; Mediating Role of Green Creativity and Moderating Role of Green Transformational Leadership in SME’s of Punjab, Pakistan Sana Asghar, 01-222232-025 This study examines the influence of green knowledge on pro-environmental behavior (PEB) amongst employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Punjab, Pakistan. Drawing on the Social Exchange Theory (SET), the research examines the mediating impact of green creativity while also exploring the moderating role of green transformational leadership (GTL). Quantitative approach was used and data were collected through structured questionnaires from employees in the textile, sports and furniture sectors. Data analysis was done through SmartPLS. Findings of the study revealed that green knowledge significantly enhances PEB, with green creativity playing a strong mediating role. While GTL positively influences green creativity, its moderating effect on the relationship between green knowledge and creativity was marginally insignificant, likely due to contextual factors in Pakistani SMEs. The study aligns with global sustainability goals and provides practical insights for policymakers and organizational leaders aiming to foster environmental responsibility in resource-constrained settings. Supervised by Dr. Syed Haider Ali Shah 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z