Thesis/Dissertation Repository Islamabad CampusBahria University Islamabad Campushttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/492024-03-29T08:09:12Z2024-03-29T08:09:12ZSocial Response to the Catastrophes Associated With Floods in District Jafferabad, Balochistn (A Case Study of 2022 Floods)Kanwal Manzoor, 01-251212-007http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/169352024-02-19T06:26:16Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial Response to the Catastrophes Associated With Floods in District Jafferabad, Balochistn (A Case Study of 2022 Floods)
Kanwal Manzoor, 01-251212-007
The ―Social Response to the catastrophes associated with floods in District Jafferabad, Balochistan (a case study of 2022 floods)‖ is the result of three months of fieldwork that investigates the Indigenous capacities & knowledge of the people in the wake of 2022 floods along with the factors that influence the community development during and after the catastrophe. I interacted with the locals of two villages, Samatkot and Sikander Khan Jimali in UC Tajpur, district Jafferabad. Both the villages had been considerably affected by the floods. A qualitative research methodology was used for this ethnographic study employing various sampling methods. Most of the informal discussions and some indepth interviews were conducted using the convenient sampling method, however for Focus Group Discussion and additional in-depth interviews, particularly of relevant stakeholders such as Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) workers, UN officials, government officials, health and law enforcement authorities, purposive sampling was done. The case studies were collected as a result of snowball sampling. To clarify the research concerns, qualitative approaches such as participant observation, informal discussions, key informant interviews, case studies and in-depth interviews were performed. The research revealed that although there is a commendable willingness to help each other during the disasters, there is a notable lack of organized comprehension and proactive readiness. The response was therefore more reactive than proactive. This vulnerability is exacerbated by insufficient infrastructure and weak early warning systems, impending the community’s capacity to overcome difficulties. The narratives preceding floods highlight the inadequate readiness for potential disasters, with a significant emphasis on regular activities rather than proactive precautions. The community’s response is marked by a collective incapacity to provide significant assistance, as evidenced by economic and non-economic losses. Gender dynamics during the response phase become a crucial area of focus, revealing the increased risks that women face as a result of socioeconomic inequalities. Gender based violence is a significant concern during the emergency response phase. Power imbalances intensify vulnerabilities, as feudal lords exacerbate destruction, exposing underlying systematic problems, The economic hardships following the floods reveal the landlords’ focus on their own interests, which further exacerbates the financial struggles faced by the resident of UC Tajpur. Due to the constraints of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) in terms of their operational presence there is a considerable delay and inefficiency during the initial flood response phase. The absence of governmental assistance results in the increased dependence of community on local institutions such as civil society, faith based organisations and the private sector. Indigenous knowledge and cultural practices were instrumental in the community’s response. Conventional support systems, transmitted via familial connections, enhance the ability to recover from adversity. However, difficulties emerged when the allocation of resources resulted in conflict within families. Ethnicity exerted an impact on coping strategies while media played a crucial role by depending on official sources for information, but encountered biases and difficulty in reporting.
Supervised by Dr. Waheed Rana
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZPerception of Youth on Social Acceptance of Lgbtiq Community : An Anthropological Study of Islamabad, PakistanAiman Nisar, 01-251221-001http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/169362024-02-19T06:32:16Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZPerception of Youth on Social Acceptance of Lgbtiq Community : An Anthropological Study of Islamabad, Pakistan
Aiman Nisar, 01-251221-001
The emergence of the LGBTIQ community has been a topic of discussion and contention for years due to the community’s ideology against the cultural, religious, and moral values of Pakistan. The acceptability of third gender as well as other diverse gender identities has been objectionable therefore, this study’s primary interest is to discern and scrutinize how the LGBTIQ community is perceived, overtly discussed, and covertly categorized by individuals in Religious and Culturallysensitive countries like Pakistan.Moreover, this study explored the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of respondents affecting their viewpoint regarding the social inclusion of this community in Pakistan. A sample of 20 participants consisting of educated individuals aged between 20 to 27 years old from two different universitiesin Islamabad was obtained through the Consecutive sampling technique.In-depth interviews were utilized to examine the in-depth knowledge, and deeper understanding of individuals and recorded responses wereanalyzed through a thematic analysis technique using Intersectionality theory as a major guideline. The findings of the study disclosed that the acceptability and unacceptability of the LGBTIQ community is controversial in its nature since the ideology of this community is violating the moralities of the Pakistani society therefore, respondents shared intolerable responses towards this community.Islam clearly mentions in Holy Quran that homosexuality, prostitution, nudity, and other diverse sexual orientations are forbidden and any person committing such crime must be liable to harsh punishment. Likewise, culture opposes having feelings for other genders, in this regard, the concept of Cultural Relativism emphasizes that Western societies have been welcoming the LGBTIQ community which empowers themas compared to Pakistan. Moreover, the introduction of the Transgender bill in 2018 highlighted the issue of misinterpretation of terminology transgender and intersex which was also observed during data collection. It also underlined the argumentfor criminalization and decriminalization of the LGBTIQ community. Meanwhile,Social media and the Aurat March played significant roles in providing inclusion, liberty, and freedom of speech in contrast, mainstream media restricts the content that violates religious or cultural values as the movie Joyland was criticized by the masses as the movie featured a married man falling in love with a transgender women. The escalation of HIV was associated with non-heterosexual contact, which is a taboo in Pakistan, moreover, people associated the identity crises of this community with mental health issues.This study encompassed a detailed examination of young respondents embracing both inclusion and exclusion of the LGBTIQ community and at the same time,highlighted the challenges that occurred with the advent of this community.
Supervised by Dr. Asim Muneeb Khan
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZImpact of Globalization and Transculturalism on University Education: An Anthropological Study of International Students' Exchange ProgramsMuhammad Salman Ul Haq, 01-251221-007http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/169342024-02-19T06:19:25Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZImpact of Globalization and Transculturalism on University Education: An Anthropological Study of International Students' Exchange Programs
Muhammad Salman Ul Haq, 01-251221-007
Globalization and the spread of technology have created a global village. To study how the globalized education is shaping and being shaped by the exchange of different cultures and ideas is the need of the hour. The existing scholarship largely presents the views of the western authors and the few studies that have been conducted in the context of globalization and education but none of them address the topic of globalization and education specifically with reference to student exchange programs especially in Pakistan. This thesis delves into the intricate relationship between globalization and education through an anthropological examination of student exchange programs in Pakistan. By leveraging ethnographic research conducted with Pakistani exchange students, the international students who have come to Pakistan, and the teachers who have taught the international students. This work investigates how these programs influence participants' self-perceptions, community understanding, perspectives on the globalized world and how the teachers view and adapt to teaching in the globalized world.Twenty seven (27) respondents (teachers, Pakistani and international students) were interviewed for the purpose of this study and the data was analysed through the thematic qualitative data analysis technique usingWorld System Theory, Hybridity Theory and Soft Power Theory as a major theoretical guide. The present study has revealed that even though the mainstream narrative portrays only the merits of studying in a foreign country but in fact the students face major challenges while studying in a foreign educational environment. Most of the literature written and the testimonials available on the internet by the students who visitedforeign country do not tell about the hardships faced and the views about globalization which have been uncovered and discussed in this study in detail. The students shared that their overall experience could have been made better by the host universities. Even though the teachers claimed that the students were facilitated and had no problems the students told otherwise. The present study has revealed that although most of the teachers and students viewed globalization favourably but still some of the student and teacher who participated in the study were of the view that globalization does have downsides and we have to be careful and vigilant about what we let into our culture and what we do not.
Supervised by Dr. Latafat Aziz
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Role of Differentiation Strategies and Their Impact in the Learning Performance of Early Years’ LearnersAfsheen Shah, 01-251212-001http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/169332024-02-19T06:06:36Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Role of Differentiation Strategies and Their Impact in the Learning Performance of Early Years’ Learners
Afsheen Shah, 01-251212-001
Differentiated instruction is a technique of teaching in which learners are provided with learning opportunities according to their specific needs, interests, and abilities that employs multiple learning modalities to appeal to the diverse interests of students while providing individualized instruction. This quantitative study aims to compare whole-group instruction and differentiated instruction in order to see which of the teaching-strategies is most effective for boosting low achievement in a classroom of early-year learners. The study was be guided by a framework of constructivism, multiple intelligence theory, and learning style theory. The goal of this study was to answer whether there was a statistically significant difference in pre- and post-test scores of students of early years learners, i.e. KG class, who received whole-class instruction versus those who received differentiated instruction. The research employed a non-equivalent, quasi-experimental design with a convenience sample of forty students. To examine the effect of differentiated instruction, the data was analyzed using both paired and independent t-tests. In order to make the education system more inclusive, reliable strategies and learning styles must be investigated. This study also validated the quantitative results by taking input from experts in the field through 12 in-depth interviews. The analysis of both results concluded with the five dimensions of differentiation strategies and prioritized rank as well. This study demonstrated ways in which different instructional strategies can improve early-grade students' academics.
Supervised by Dr. Asim Muneeb Khan
2024-01-01T00:00:00Z